Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) was established by the Act of Parliament No. 7 of 1986 as the successor to the Tanzania National Scientific Research Council (UTAFITI) as a parastatal organization with the responsibility of coordinating and promoting research and technology development activities in the country. It is the chief advisor to the Government on all matters pertaining to science, technology and innovation and their application to the socio-economic development of the country. COSTECH serves under the ministry responsible for science and technology.

The principal roles and responsibilities of the Commission inter alia are as provided by the Act which includes:

• To contribute in the formulation of policy on the development of science and technology and recommend its implementation to the Government.

• To coordinate and promote research undertaking in the country.

• To develop, coordinate and transfer technologies.

• To acquire, store, process and disseminate science, technology and innovation data and information.

• To mobilize funds to support and promote science, technology and innovation.

• To popularize science, technology and innovation at all level.
  

• To foster regional and international co-operation in science, technology and innovation.
  

• To advise the government on all matters relating to STI.